Maybe, an increased years otherwise knowledge improvement you are going to damage the fresh wife’s standing regarding the relationship domestic
We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger lovingwomen.org flip gennem dette websted bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Table cuatro Association anywhere between dowry/fiance rates (paid of the inside-laws out of sisters, other people from the town and you will people) and you can wife’s standing on the marital domestic (OLS)
4.step three Talk and you can robustness inspections
In determining the latest ladies’ standing throughout the relationship domestic, the effect of your own net dowry (dowry without bride to be price) can get amount. The new quote techniques is regular because of the replacement dowry and fiance price with online dowry (Appendix Table nine, Panel An excellent). Observe that the degree of deferred mehr is roofed on their own regarding the online dowry while the former is not paid back until divorce or separation takes place and should not meet the requirements property brought to the wedding. The outcomes suggest that brand new assets delivered on the ount) improve their particular decision-to make power and you may liberty. Such self-confident associations are not stunning given that the brand new relationships regarding bride price paid down during the time of relationship manage restrict so you can those of dowry in the primary estimations.
Along with many years difference as well as knowledge variation (substitution the brand new husband’s age and you can education) does not change the chief effects, and the coefficients of them parameters aren’t significant (Appendix Dining table nine, Panel B).
You to you will argue that the number of ages due to the fact wedding is important because the effect away from dowry (or bride to be speed) will be better after wedding. Also years due to the fact ount from dowry (substitution woman’s years at the relationships) magnifies the bottom effectation of dowry in women’s freedom but reduces the magnitude as well as the relevance height for the ladies decision-making (Appendix Table nine, Panel C). This implies that a larger dowry increases the wife’s autonomy into the the brand new relationship domestic once matrimony; not, brand new association isn’t rather affected by the passing of decades due to the fact marriage.
Zero measure of gender ideology is roofed however estimate on account of endogeneity questions. You to definitely you are going to believe inclusion of these tips can get weaken new connection ranging from dowry and you will women’s condition on the relationship household. While we usually do not deny the possibility that needs and you will ideological philosophy regarding the gender affairs aren’t inherent and change along the marital existence, brand new quote techniques is constant from the as well as a couple of measures having child preference: the original changeable translates to you to definitely when the wife’s top amount of sons was higher than regarding daughters and the next means you to in the event that wife desires give degree to help you sons in place of to help you daughters. Controlling to own gender ideology will not substantially affect the chief estimation efficiency (Appendix Dining table 9, Committee D). Surprisingly, women’s decision-making try absolutely in the son liking. Although not, it’s adversely in the taste for providing degree in order to sons as compared with daughters. A possible translation is the fact highly experienced female is generally against gender inequality into the degree and be even more energized about relationship house however, prefer having even more sons than simply daughters. That it looks in line with particular present knowledge demonstrating one son liking is more prevalent one of highly knowledgeable female in place of ignorant female when you look at the Southern area China (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and Preston 1991).